Tšebeliso ea pele ea ultrasound ho biochemistry e lokela ho ba ho pshatla lerako la sele ka ultrasound ho lokolla litaba tsa eona. Liphuputso tse latelang li bontšitse hore matla a tlaase a ultrasound a ka khothalletsa ts'ebetso ea biochemical reaction. Ka mohlala, mahlaseli a mahlaseli a metsi a motheo a limatlafatsi a ka eketsa sekhahla sa kholo ea lisele tsa algal, kahoo a eketsa palo ea protheine e hlahisoang ke lisele tsena ka makhetlo a mararo.

Ha ho bapisoa le matla a matla a cavitation bubble collapse, matla a matla a sebaka sa molumo oa ultrasonic a ekelitsoe ka makhetlo a libilione, e leng se etsang hore ho be le matla a mangata; Sonochemical phenomena le sonoluminescence e bakoang ke mocheso o phahameng le khatello e hlahisoang ke li-bubble tsa cavitation ke mefuta e ikhethang ea matla le phapanyetsano ea thepa ka sonochemistry. Ka hona, ultrasound e phetha karolo e ntseng e eketseha ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea biodiesel, organic synthesis, phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko tse chefo, lebelo la lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea catalyst, phekolo ea biodegradation, ultrasonic scale thibela le ho tlosoa, biological cell crushing. , ho hasana le agglomeration, le sonochemical reaction.

1. ultrasonic ntlafatsoa lik'hemik'hale karabelo.

Ultrasound e ntlafatsa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale. Matla a ka sehloohong a ho khanna ke ultrasonic cavitation. Ho putlama ha cavitating bubble core ho hlahisa mocheso o phahameng oa lehae, khatello e phahameng le tšusumetso e matla le jet e nyane, e fanang ka tikoloho e ncha le e khethehileng haholo ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e thata kapa e ke keng ea finyelloa tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic reaction.

E le sebaka se secha sa lipatlisiso, ultrasonic catalytic reaction e hohetse thahasello e eketsehileng. Litlamorao tse kholo tsa ultrasound ho catalytic reaction ke:

(1) Mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng li thusa ho petsoha ha li-reactants ho ba li-radicals tsa mahala le divalent carbon, ho etsa mefuta e mengata ea ho arabela;

(2) Shock wave le micro jet li na le desorption le litlamorao tsa ho hloekisa sebakeng se tiileng (joalo ka catalyst), e ka tlosang lihlahisoa tsa karabelo ea holim'a metsi kapa li-intermediates le catalyst surface passivation layer;

(3) Leqhubu le ts'oenyehileng le ka senya sebopeho sa reactant

(4) Sistimi ea reactant e qhalakaneng;

(5) Ultrasonic cavitation e senya holim'a tšepe, 'me leqhubu la ts'oaetso le lebisa ho deformation ea lesela la tšepe le ho thehoa ha sebaka sa khatello ea ka hare, se ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe;

6) Khothalletsa solvent ho kenella ka har'a se tiileng ho hlahisa seo ho thoeng ke karabelo ea ho kenyelletsa;

(7) Ho ntlafatsa ho hasana ha catalyst, ultrasonic e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho lokisoa catalyst. Mahlaseli a Ultrasonic a ka eketsa sebaka se ka holimo sa catalyst, a etsa hore likarolo tse sebetsang li qhalane ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea catalytic.

3. Ultrasonic polymer k'hemistri

Tšebeliso ea ultrasonic positive polymer chemistry e hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo. Kalafo ea Ultrasonic e ka senya li-macromolecules, haholo-holo li-polymers tse boima ba limolek'hule. Cellulose, gelatin, rabara le protheine li ka senyeha ka phekolo ea ultrasonic. Hona joale, ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore mochine oa ultrasonic degradation o bakoa ke phello ea matla le khatello e phahameng ha bubble ea cavitation e phatloha, 'me karolo e' ngoe ea ho senyeha e ka 'na ea e-ba ka lebaka la phello ea mocheso. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, matla a ultrasound a ka boela a qala polymerization. Matla a mahlaseli a matla a ultrasound a ka qalisa copolymerization ea joala ea polyvinyl le acrylonitrile ho lokisetsa li-block copolymers, le copolymerization ea polyvinyl acetate le polyethylene oxide ho theha li-copolymers tsa graft.

4. Theknoloji e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale e matlafalitsoeng ke tšimo ea ultrasonic

Motsoako oa theknoloji e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale le ntlafatso ea tšimo ea ultrasonic ke tataiso e 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele tšimong ea k'hemistri ea ultrasonic. Ka mohlala, mokelikeli oa supercritical o sebelisoa e le setsi, 'me tšimo ea ultrasonic e sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa karabelo ea catalytic. Mohlala, mokelikeli o moholo o na le boima bo ts'oanang le boteng ba mokelikeli le viscosity le coefficient ea phallo e ts'oanang le khase, e etsang hore ho qhibiliha ha eona ho lekane le mokelikeli le matla a phetisetso ea bongata a lekanang le khase. The deactivation of heterogeneous catalyst ka ntlafatsoa ka ho sebelisa e ntle solubility le diffusion properties tsa supercritical fluid, empa ha ho pelaelo hore ke icing ka kaka haeba ultrasonic tšimo e ka sebelisoa ho e matlafatsa. The shock wave le microjet e hlahisoang ke ultrasonic cavitation e ke ke ea ntlafatsa haholo mokelikeli o phahameng haholo ho qhaqha lintho tse ling tse lebisang ho ts'ebetsong ea catalyst, ho bapala karolo ea desorption le ho hloekisa, le ho boloka catalyst e sebetsa nako e telele, empa hape e bapala karolo ea susumetsang maikutlo, e ka qhalakanya karabelo tsamaiso, 'me ho etsa hore lebelo la phetiso boima supercritical mokelikeli lik'hemik'hale karabelo ho boemo bo phahameng. Ho phaella moo, mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng sebakeng sa sebaka se entsoeng ke ultrasonic cavitation e tla ba e loketseng ho phunyeha ha li-reactants ka li-radicals tsa mahala le ho potlakisa haholo tekanyo ea ho itšoara. Hajoale, ho na le lithuto tse ngata mabapi le karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea mokelikeli o moholo, empa lithuto tse fokolang mabapi le ntlafatso ea karabelo e joalo ka tšimo ea ultrasonic.

5. kopo ea matla a phahameng a ultrasonic tlhahiso ea biodiesel

Senotlolo sa ho lokisoa ha biodiesel ke catalytic transesterification ea mafura a acid glyceride ka methanol le lino tse ling tse tlaase tsa carbon. Ho hlakile hore Ultrasound e ka matlafatsa karabelo ea transesterification, haholo-holo bakeng sa litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa karabelo, e ka ntlafatsa haholo phello ea ho kopanya (emulsification) le ho khothaletsa karabelo e sa tobang ea limolek'hule, e le hore karabelo eo qalong e neng e hlokahala ho etsoa tlasa maemo a phahameng a mocheso (khatello e phahameng) e ka phethoa ka mocheso oa kamore (kapa haufi le mocheso oa kamore), Le ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho itšoara. Ultrasonic wave ha e sebelisoe feela ts'ebetsong ea transesterification, empa hape le karohanong ea motsoako oa karabelo. Bafuputsi ba Mississippi State University e United States ba ile ba sebelisa ultrasonic processing tlhahisong ea biodiesel. Kotulo ea biodiesel e fetile 99% nakong ea metsotso e 5, ha tsamaiso e tloaelehileng ea batch reactor e nkile nako e fetang 1 hora.