Tšebeliso ea pele ea ultrasound ho biochemistry e lokela ho ba ho pshatla lerako la sele ka ultrasound ho lokolla litaba tsa eona.Liphuputso tse latelang li bontšitse hore matla a tlaase a ultrasound a ka khothalletsa ts'ebetso ea biochemical reaction.Ka mohlala, mahlaseli a mahlaseli a metsi a motheo a limatlafatsi a ka eketsa sekhahla sa kholo ea lisele tsa algal, kahoo a eketsa palo ea protheine e hlahisoang ke lisele tsena ka makhetlo a mararo.

Ha ho bapisoa le matla a matla a cavitation bubble collapse, matla a matla a sebaka sa molumo oa ultrasonic a ekelitsoe ka makhetlo a libilione, e leng se etsang hore ho be le matla a mangata;Sonochemical phenomena le sonoluminescence e bakoang ke mocheso o phahameng le khatello e hlahisoang ke li-bubble tsa cavitation ke mefuta e ikhethang ea matla le phapanyetsano ea thepa ka sonochemistry.Ka hona, ultrasound e phetha karolo e ntseng e eketseha ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea biodiesel, organic synthesis, phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, ho senyeha ha litšila tse chefo, lebelo la lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea catalyst, phekolo ea biodegradation, ultrasonic scale thibela le ho tlosoa, biological cell crushing. , ho hasana le agglomeration, le sonochemical reaction.

1. ultrasonic ntlafatsoa lik'hemik'hale karabelo.

Ultrasound e ntlafatsa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale.Matla a ka sehloohong a ho khanna ke ultrasonic cavitation.Ho putlama ha cavitating bubble core ho hlahisa mocheso o phahameng oa lehae, khatello e phahameng le tšusumetso e matla le jet e nyane, e fanang ka tikoloho e ncha le e khethehileng haholo ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e thata kapa e ke keng ea finyelloa tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic reaction.

E le sebaka se secha sa lipatlisiso, ultrasonic catalytic reaction e hohetse thahasello e eketsehileng.Litlamorao tse kholo tsa ultrasound ho catalytic reaction ke:

(1) Mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng li thusa ho petsoha ha li-reactants ho ba li-radicals tsa mahala le divalent carbon, ho etsa mefuta e mengata ea ho arabela;

(2) Shock wave le micro jet li na le desorption le litlamorao tsa ho hloekisa sebakeng se tiileng (joalo ka catalyst), e ka tlosang lihlahisoa tsa karabelo ea holim'a metsi kapa li-intermediates le catalyst surface passivation layer;

(3) Leqhubu le ts'oenyehileng le ka senya sebopeho sa reactant

(4) Sistimi ea reactant e qhalakaneng;

(5) Ultrasonic cavitation e senya holim'a tšepe, 'me leqhubu la ts'oaetso le lebisa ho deformation ea lesela la tšepe le ho thehoa ha sebaka sa khatello ea ka hare, e ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe;

6) Khothalletsa solvent ho kenella ka har'a se tiileng ho hlahisa seo ho thoeng ke karabelo ea ho kenyelletsa;

(7) Ho ntlafatsa ho hasana ha catalyst, ultrasonic e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho lokisoa catalyst.Mahlaseli a Ultrasonic a ka eketsa sebaka se ka holimo sa catalyst, a etsa hore likarolo tse sebetsang li qhalane ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea catalytic.

3. Ultrasonic polymer k'hemistri

Tšebeliso ea ultrasonic positive polymer chemistry e hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo.Kalafo ea Ultrasonic e ka senya li-macromolecules, haholo-holo li-polymers tse boima ba limolek'hule.Cellulose, gelatin, rabara le protheine li ka senyeha ka phekolo ea ultrasonic.Hona joale, ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore mochine oa ultrasonic degradation o bakoa ke phello ea matla le khatello e phahameng ha bubble ea cavitation e phatloha, 'me karolo e' ngoe ea ho senyeha e ka 'na ea e-ba ka lebaka la phello ea mocheso.Tlas'a maemo a itseng, matla a ultrasound a ka boela a qala polymerization.Matla a mahlaseli a matla a ultrasound a ka qalisa copolymerization ea joala ea polyvinyl le acrylonitrile ho lokisetsa li-block copolymers, le copolymerization ea polyvinyl acetate le polyethylene oxide ho theha li-copolymers tsa graft.

4. Theknoloji e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale e matlafalitsoeng ke tšimo ea ultrasonic

Motsoako oa theknoloji e ncha ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale le ntlafatso ea tšimo ea ultrasonic ke tataiso e 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele tšimong ea k'hemistri ea ultrasonic.Ka mohlala, mokelikeli oa supercritical o sebelisoa e le setsi, 'me tšimo ea ultrasonic e sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa karabelo ea catalytic.Mohlala, mokelikeli o moholo o na le boima bo ts'oanang le boteng ba mokelikeli le viscosity le coefficient ea phallo e ts'oanang le khase, e etsang hore ho qhibiliha ha eona ho lekane le mokelikeli le matla a phetisetso ea bongata a lekanang le khase.The deactivation of heterogeneous catalyst ka ntlafatsoa ka ho sebelisa e ntle solubility le diffusion properties tsa supercritical fluid, empa ha ho pelaelo hore ke icing ka kaka haeba ultrasonic tšimo e ka sebelisoa ho e matlafatsa.The shock wave le microjet e hlahisoang ke ultrasonic cavitation e ke ke ea ntlafatsa haholo mokelikeli o phahameng haholo ho qhaqha lintho tse ling tse lebisang ho ts'ebetsong ea catalyst, ho bapala karolo ea desorption le ho hloekisa, le ho boloka catalyst e sebetsa nako e telele, empa hape e bapala karolo ea susumetsang maikutlo, e ka qhalakanya karabelo tsamaiso, 'me ho etsa hore lebelo la phetiso boima supercritical mokelikeli lik'hemik'hale karabelo ho boemo bo phahameng.Ho phaella moo, mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng sebakeng sa sebaka se entsoeng ke ultrasonic cavitation e tla ba e loketseng ho phunyeha ha li-reactants ka li-radicals tsa mahala le ho potlakisa haholo tekanyo ea ho itšoara.Hajoale, ho na le lithuto tse ngata mabapi le karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea mokelikeli o moholo, empa lithuto tse fokolang mabapi le ntlafatso ea karabelo e joalo ka tšimo ea ultrasonic.

5. kopo ea matla a phahameng a ultrasonic tlhahiso ea biodiesel

Senotlolo sa ho lokisoa ha biodiesel ke catalytic transesterification ea mafura a acid glyceride ka methanol le lino tse ling tse tlaase tsa carbon.Ho hlakile hore Ultrasound e ka matlafatsa karabelo ea transesterification, haholo-holo bakeng sa litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa karabelo, e ka ntlafatsa haholo phello ea ho kopanya (emulsification) le ho khothaletsa karabelo e sa tobang ea limolek'hule, e le hore karabelo eo qalong e hlokahalang ho etsoa tlasa maemo a phahameng a mocheso (khatello e phahameng) e ka phethoa ka mocheso oa kamore (kapa haufi le mocheso oa kamore), Le ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho itšoara.Ultrasonic wave ha e sebelisoe feela ts'ebetsong ea transesterification, empa hape le karohanong ea motsoako oa karabelo.Bafuputsi ba Mississippi State University e United States ba ile ba sebelisa ultrasonic processing ho hlahisa biodiesel.Kotulo ea biodiesel e fetile 99% nakong ea metsotso e 5, ha tsamaiso e tloaelehileng ea batch reactor e nkile nako e fetang 1 hora.